Anteriormente hablamos sobre cómo instalar Apache y PHP desde la fuente. La instalación de la pila LAMP desde la fuente le dará control total para configurar diferentes parámetros.
Instalación de la pila LAMP usando yum es muy fácil y toma sólo unos minutos. Esta es una buena opción para los principiantes que no se sienten cómodos instalando desde la fuente. Además, instalar la pila LAMP usando yum es una buena opción, si desea simplificar las cosas y simplemente usar la configuración predeterminada.
1. Instale Apache usando Yum
# rpm -qa | grep httpd
[Note: If the above command did not return anything,
install apache as shown below]
# yum install httpd Verifique que Apache se instaló correctamente
# rpm -qa | grep -i http httpd-tools-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386 httpd-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386
Habilite el servicio httpd para que se inicie automáticamente durante el inicio del sistema mediante chkconfig. Inicie Apache como se muestra a continuación.
# chkconfig httpd on # service httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ]
2. Actualice Apache usando Yum
Si seleccionó el paquete del servidor web durante la instalación de Linux, Apache ya está instalado en su Linux. En cuyo caso, puede actualizar Apache a la última versión como se muestra a continuación.
Compruebe si Apache ya está instalado.
# rpm -qa | grep -i http httpd-tools-2.2.8-3.i386 httpd-2.2.8-3.i386 [Note: This indicates that Apache 2.2.8 version is installed already]
Compruebe si la última versión de Apache está disponible para su instalación mediante yum.
# yum check-update httpd
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
httpd.i386 2.2.9-1.fc9 updates
[Note: This indicates that the latest Apache version 2.2.9
is available for upgrade] Actualice Apache a la última versión usando yum.
# yum update httpd
Salida de la yum update httpd comando:
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit Setting up Update Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.i386 0:2.2.9-1.fc9 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.2.9-1.fc9 for package: httpd --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd-tools.i386 0:2.2.9-1.fc9 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Updating: httpd i386 2.2.9-1.fc9 updates 975 k httpd-tools i386 2.2.9-1.fc9 updates 69 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 0 Package(s) Update 2 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 1.0 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): httpd-tools-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386.rpm | 69 kB 00:00 (2/2): httpd-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386.rpm | 975 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : httpd-tools [1/4] Updating : httpd [2/4] Cleanup : httpd [3/4] Cleanup : httpd-tools [4/4] Updated: httpd.i386 0:2.2.9-1.fc9 httpd-tools.i386 0:2.2.9-1.fc9 Complete!
Verifique si Apache se actualizó correctamente.
# rpm -qa | grep -i http httpd-tools-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386 httpd-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386 [Note: This indicates that Apache was upgraded to 2.2.9 successfully]
3. Instale MySQL usando Yum
Yum es muy inteligente para identificar todas las dependencias e instalarlas automáticamente. Por ejemplo, al instalar mysql-server usando yum, también instala automáticamente los paquetes mysql-libs, perl-DBI, mysql, perl-DBD-MySQL dependientes como se muestra a continuación.
# yum install mysql-server
Salida de yum install mysql-server comando:
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit Setting up Install Process Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-server.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.15 for mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.15 for mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: mysql = 5.0.51a-1.fc9 for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.15 for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.15 for package: mysql-server --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 set to be updated ---> Package mysql-libs.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 set to be updated ---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:4.005-8.fc9 set to be updated ---> Package perl-DBI.i386 0:1.607-1.fc9 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: mysql-server i386 5.0.51a-1.fc9 fedora 9.8 M Installing for dependencies: mysql i386 5.0.51a-1.fc9 fedora 2.9 M mysql-libs i386 5.0.51a-1.fc9 fedora 1.5 M perl-DBD-MySQL i386 4.005-8.fc9 fedora 165 k perl-DBI i386 1.607-1.fc9 updates 776 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 5 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 15 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/5): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.005-8.fc9.i386.rpm | 165 kB 00:00 (2/5): perl-DBI-1.607-1.fc9.i386.rpm | 776 kB 00:00 (3/5): mysql-libs-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00 (4/5): mysql-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386.rpm | 2.9 MB 00:00 (5/5): mysql-server-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386.rpm | 9.8 MB 00:01 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : mysql-libs [1/5] Installing : perl-DBI [2/5] Installing : mysql [3/5] Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL [4/5] Installing : mysql-server [5/5] Installed: mysql-server.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 Dependency Installed: mysql.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 mysql-libs.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:4.005-8.fc9 perl-DBI.i386 0:1.607-1.fc9 Complete!
Verifique si MySQL se instaló correctamente.
# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql php-mysql-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386 mysql-libs-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386 mysql-server-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386 perl-DBD-MySQL-4.005-8.fc9.i386 mysql-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386 # mysql -V mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.51a, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386) using readline 5.0
Configure MySQL para que se inicie automáticamente durante el inicio del sistema.
# chkconfig mysqld on
Inicie el servicio MySQL.
# service mysqld start
La primera vez que inicie mysqld, le dará un mensaje de información adicional indicando que debe realizar la configuración posterior a la instalación, como se muestra a continuación.
Initializing MySQL database: Installing MySQL system tables... OK Filling help tables... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h dev-db password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is highly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script! The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at http://www.mysql.com Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com Starting MySQL: [ OK ]
4. Realizar actividades posteriores a la instalación de MySQL
Después de la instalación de mysql, puede iniciar sesión en la cuenta raíz de mysql sin proporcionar ninguna contraseña, como se muestra a continuación.
# mysql -u root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.0.51a Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql>
Para solucionar este problema, debe asignar una contraseña a la cuenta raíz de mysql como se muestra a continuación. Ejecute el script mysql_secure_installation, que realiza las siguientes actividades:
- Asigne la contraseña raíz
- Eliminar el usuario anónimo
- Prohibir el inicio de sesión raíz desde máquinas remotas
- Eliminar la base de datos de prueba de muestra predeterminada
# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
Salida del script mysql_secure_installation:
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] Y New password: [Note: Enter the mysql root password here] Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y ... Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL!
Verifique las actividades posteriores a la instalación de MySQL:
# mysql -u root ERROR 1045 (28000):Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'(using password:NO) [Note: root access without password is denied] # mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 13 Server version: 5.0.51a Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) [Note: test database is removed]
5. Actualice MySQL usando Yum
Compruebe si MySQL ya está instalado.
# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
Compruebe si hay una versión más reciente de MySQL disponible para su instalación mediante yum.
# yum check-update mysql-server
Actualice MySQL a la última versión usando yum.
# yum update mysql-server
6. Instalar PHP usando Yum
# yum install php
Salida de yum install php :
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit Setting up Install Process Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package php.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: php-common = 5.2.6-2.fc9 for package: php --> Processing Dependency: php-cli = 5.2.6-2.fc9 for package: php --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-common.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated ---> Package php-cli.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: php i386 5.2.6-2.fc9 updates 1.2 M Installing for dependencies: php-cli i386 5.2.6-2.fc9 updates 2.3 M php-common i386 5.2.6-2.fc9 updates 228 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 3 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 3.8 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/3): php-common-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm | 228 kB 00:00 (2/3): php-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00 (3/3): php-cli-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm | 2.3 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : php-common [1/3] Installing : php-cli [2/3] Installing : php [3/3] Installed: php.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 Dependency Installed: php-cli.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 php-common.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 Complete!
Verifique que php se instaló correctamente.
# rpm -qa | grep -i php php-cli-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386 php-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386 php-common-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386
Instale el módulo MySQL para PHP.
# yum search php-mysql Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit =========== Matched: php-mysql ============= php-mysql.i386 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases # yum install php-mysql
Salida de yum install php-mysql :
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit Setting up Install Process Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-mysql.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: php-pdo for package: php-mysql --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-pdo.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: php-mysql i386 5.2.6-2.fc9 updates 81 k Installing for dependencies: php-pdo i386 5.2.6-2.fc9 updates 62 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 2 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 143 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): php-pdo-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm | 62 kB 00:00 (2/2): php-mysql-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm | 81 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : php-pdo [1/2] Installing : php-mysql [2/2] Installed: php-mysql.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 Dependency Installed: php-pdo.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 Complete!
Si necesita módulos PHP adicionales, instálelos usando yum como se muestra a continuación.
# yum install php-common php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel php-xml php-gd
7. Actualice PHP usando Yum
Compruebe si PHP está instalado.
# rpm -qa | grep -i php
Compruebe si hay una versión más reciente de PHP disponible para instalar usando yum.
# yum check-update php
Actualice PHP a la última versión usando yum.
# yum update php
Actualice cualquier módulo PHP adicional que haya instalado usando yum.
# yum check-update php-common php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel php-xml php-gd # yum update php-common php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel php-xml php-gd
Verifique la instalación de PHP creando un archivo test.php como se muestra a continuación.
# cat /var/www/html/test.php <? phpinfo(); ?>
Invoque test.php desde el navegador http://{lamp-server-ip}/test.php , que mostrará toda la información de configuración de PHP y los módulos instalados.
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