smartd es un demonio que monitorea el sistema de tecnología de autocontrol, análisis e informes (SMART) integrado en muchos discos duros ATA-3 y posteriores ATA, IDE y SCSI-3. El propósito de SMART es monitorear la confiabilidad del disco duro y predecir fallas en el disco, y llevar a cabo diferentes tipos de autoverificaciones del disco. Esta versión de smartd es compatible con ATA/ATAPI-7 y estándares anteriores.
smartd intentará habilitar el monitoreo SMART en dispositivos ATA (equivalente a smartctl -s on) y sondeará estos y los dispositivos SCSI cada 30 minutos (configurable), registrando errores SMART y cambios de atributos SMART a través de la interfaz SYSLOG. La ubicación predeterminada para estas notificaciones y advertencias de SYSLOG es /var/log/messages. Para cambiar la ubicación predeterminada, consulte la opción de línea de comandos "-l" que se describe a continuación.
Además de iniciar sesión en un archivo, smartd también se puede configurar para enviar advertencias por correo electrónico si se detectan problemas. Según el tipo de problema, es posible que desee ejecutar pruebas automáticas en el disco, hacer una copia de seguridad del disco, reemplazar el disco o usar una utilidad del fabricante para forzar la reasignación de sectores de disco defectuosos o ilegibles. Si se detectan problemas en el disco, consulte la página del manual de smartctl y la página web/preguntas frecuentes de smartmontools para obtener más orientación.
Gestión de servicios
Ubicación del script Init.d:
/etc/init.d/smartd
Ejemplo de “chkconfig –list smartd”
# chkconfig --list smartd smartd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
Opciones de uso de servicio disponibles
# service smartd
Usage: /etc/init.d/smartd {start|stop|reload|report|restart|status} # service smartd start Starting smartd: [ OK ]
# service smartd stop Shutting down smartd: [ OK ]
# service smartd status smartd (pid 4061 2857) is running...
# service smartd restart Shutting down smartd: [ OK ] Starting smartd: [ OK ]
# service smartd reload Reloading smartd daemon configuration: [ OK ]
# service smartd report Checking SMART devices now: [ OK ]
Qué demonios ejecuta:
/usr/sbin/smartd
Configuración
Paquetes RPM:
smartmontools-[version]-[release]
Archivo de configuración
/etc/smartd.conf ### For CentOS/RHEL 5,6 /etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf . ### For CentOS/RHEL 7
Archivo de configuración de ejemplo /etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf
# cat /etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf # Sample configuration file for smartd. See man smartd.conf. # Home page is: http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net # $Id: smartd.conf 3651 2012-10-18 15:11:36Z samm2 $ # smartd will re-read the configuration file if it receives a HUP # signal # The file gives a list of devices to monitor using smartd, with one # device per line. Text after a hash (#) is ignored, and you may use # spaces and tabs for white space. You may use '\' to continue lines. # You can usually identify which hard disks are on your system by # looking in /proc/ide and in /proc/scsi. # The word DEVICESCAN will cause any remaining lines in this # configuration file to be ignored: it tells smartd to scan for all # ATA and SCSI devices. DEVICESCAN may be followed by any of the # Directives listed below, which will be applied to all devices that # are found. Most users should comment out DEVICESCAN and explicitly # list the devices that they wish to monitor. DEVICESCAN -H -m root -M exec /usr/libexec/smartmontools/smartdnotify -n standby,10,q # Alternative setting to ignore temperature and power-on hours reports # in syslog. #DEVICESCAN -I 194 -I 231 -I 9 # Alternative setting to report more useful raw temperature in syslog. #DEVICESCAN -R 194 -R 231 -I 9 # Alternative setting to report raw temperature changes >= 5 Celsius # and min/max temperatures. #DEVICESCAN -I 194 -I 231 -I 9 -W 5 # First (primary) ATA/IDE hard disk. Monitor all attributes, enable # automatic online data collection, automatic Attribute autosave, and # start a short self-test every day between 2-3am, and a long self test # Saturdays between 3-4am. #/dev/hda -a -o on -S on -s (S/../.././02|L/../../6/03) # Monitor SMART status, ATA Error Log, Self-test log, and track # changes in all attributes except for attribute 194 #/dev/hdb -H -l error -l selftest -t -I 194 # Monitor all attributes except normalized Temperature (usually 194), # but track Temperature changes >= 4 Celsius, report Temperatures # >= 45 Celsius and changes in Raw value of Reallocated_Sector_Ct (5). # Send mail on SMART failures or when Temperature is >= 55 Celsius. #/dev/hdc -a -I 194 -W 4,45,55 -R 5 -m [email protected] # An ATA disk may appear as a SCSI device to the OS. If a SCSI to # ATA Translation (SAT) layer is between the OS and the device then # this can be flagged with the '-d sat' option. This situation may # become common with SATA disks in SAS and FC environments. # /dev/sda -a -d sat # A very silent check. Only report SMART health status if it fails # But send an email in this case #/dev/hdc -H -C 0 -U 0 -m [email protected] # First two SCSI disks. This will monitor everything that smartd can # monitor. Start extended self-tests Wednesdays between 6-7pm and # Sundays between 1-2 am #/dev/sda -d scsi -s L/../../3/18 #/dev/sdb -d scsi -s L/../../7/01 # Monitor 4 ATA disks connected to a 3ware 6/7/8000 controller which uses # the 3w-xxxx driver. Start long self-tests Sundays between 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, # and 4-5 am. # NOTE: starting with the Linux 2.6 kernel series, the /dev/sdX interface # is DEPRECATED. Use the /dev/tweN character device interface instead. # For example /dev/twe0, /dev/twe1, and so on. #/dev/sdc -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../7/01 #/dev/sdc -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../7/02 #/dev/sdc -d 3ware,2 -a -s L/../../7/03 #/dev/sdc -d 3ware,3 -a -s L/../../7/04 # Monitor 2 ATA disks connected to a 3ware 9000 controller which # uses the 3w-9xxx driver (Linux, FreeBSD). Start long self-tests Tuesdays # between 1-2 and 3-4 am. #/dev/twa0 -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../2/01 #/dev/twa0 -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../2/03 # Monitor 2 SATA (not SAS) disks connected to a 3ware 9000 controller which # uses the 3w-sas driver (Linux). Start long self-tests Tuesdays # between 1-2 and 3-4 am. # On FreeBSD /dev/tws0 should be used instead #/dev/twl0 -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../2/01 #/dev/twl0 -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../2/03 # Same as above for Windows. Option '-d 3ware,N' is not necessary, # disk (port) number is specified in device name. # NOTE: On Windows, DEVICESCAN works also for 3ware controllers. #/dev/hdc,0 -a -s L/../../2/01 #/dev/hdc,1 -a -s L/../../2/03 # Monitor 3 ATA disks directly connected to a HighPoint RocketRAID. Start long # self-tests Sundays between 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4 am. #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/1 -a -s L/../../7/01 #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/2 -a -s L/../../7/02 #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/3 -a -s L/../../7/03 # Monitor 2 ATA disks connected to the same PMPort which connected to the # HighPoint RocketRAID. Start long self-tests Tuesdays between 1-2 and 3-4 am #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/4/1 -a -s L/../../2/01 #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/4/2 -a -s L/../../2/03 # HERE IS A LIST OF DIRECTIVES FOR THIS CONFIGURATION FILE. # PLEASE SEE THE smartd.conf MAN PAGE FOR DETAILS # # -d TYPE Set the device type: ata, scsi, marvell, removable, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N # -T TYPE set the tolerance to one of: normal, permissive # -o VAL Enable/disable automatic offline tests (on/off) # -S VAL Enable/disable attribute autosave (on/off) # -n MODE No check. MODE is one of: never, sleep, standby, idle # -H Monitor SMART Health Status, report if failed # -l TYPE Monitor SMART log. Type is one of: error, selftest # -f Monitor for failure of any 'Usage' Attributes # -m ADD Send warning email to ADD for -H, -l error, -l selftest, and -f # -M TYPE Modify email warning behavior (see man page) # -s REGE Start self-test when type/date matches regular expression (see man page) # -p Report changes in 'Prefailure' Normalized Attributes # -u Report changes in 'Usage' Normalized Attributes # -t Equivalent to -p and -u Directives # -r ID Also report Raw values of Attribute ID with -p, -u or -t # -R ID Track changes in Attribute ID Raw value with -p, -u or -t # -i ID Ignore Attribute ID for -f Directive # -I ID Ignore Attribute ID for -p, -u or -t Directive # -C ID Report if Current Pending Sector count non-zero # -U ID Report if Offline Uncorrectable count non-zero # -W D,I,C Monitor Temperature D)ifference, I)nformal limit, C)ritical limit # -v N,ST Modifies labeling of Attribute N (see man page) # -a Default: equivalent to -H -f -t -l error -l selftest -C 197 -U 198 # -F TYPE Use firmware bug workaround. Type is one of: none, samsung # -P TYPE Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall # # Comment: text after a hash sign is ignored # \ Line continuation character # Attribute ID is a decimal integer 1 <= ID <= 255 # except for -C and -U, where ID = 0 turns them off. # All but -d, -m and -M Directives are only implemented for ATA devices # # If the test string DEVICESCAN is the first uncommented text # then smartd will scan for devices /dev/hd[a-l] and /dev/sd[a-z] # DEVICESCAN may be followed by any desired Directives.Cómo monitorear el estado del disco con smartd (S.M.A.R.T.)
Cómo verificar un disco en busca de bloques defectuosos o errores de disco en CentOS / RHEL