MySQL es un software de sistema de administración de base de datos gratuito que se usa más comúnmente en aplicaciones de tres niveles para almacenar y recuperar registros e información.
MySQL fue desarrollado inicialmente por MYSQL AB, ahora propiedad de Oracle Corporation. Era la principal aplicación de base de datos en Linux hasta que apareció MariaDB, una bifurcación de MySQL.
En este artículo, veremos los pasos para instalar MySQL 8.0 en CentOS 8/RHEL 8.
Los pasos mencionados en este artículo solo funcionarán si ha habilitado la suscripción en RHEL 8 o ha configurado el repositorio local de yum en su sistema.Instalar MySQL 8.0 en CentOS 8/RHEL 8
MySQL 8.0 está disponible para CentOS 8/RHEL 8 tanto en el repositorio OS AppStream como en el repositorio MySQL Dev Community. 1. Instale MySQL 8.0 desde MySQL Dev Community 2. Instale MySQL 8.0 desde AppStream1. Instale MySQL 8.0 desde MySQL Dev Community
Agregue el repositorio oficial de MySQL para instalar el servidor de la comunidad MySQL.
rpm -ivh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
Asegúrese de que el repositorio de MySQL se haya agregado y habilitado con el siguiente comando.
dnf repolist all | grep mysql | grep enabled
Salida:
mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community enabled mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community enabled mysql80-community MySQL 8.0 Community Server enabled
Utilice el comando dnf en CentOS/RHEL para instalar la última versión estable de MySQL. Deshabilite el repositorio de AppStream temporalmente para instalar MySQL desde MySQL Dev Community.
### CentOS 8 ### dnf install -y --disablerepo=appstream mysql-community-server ### RHEL 8 ### dnf install -y --disablerepo=rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms mysql-community-server
Salida:
Dependencies resolved. ======================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-server x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 53 M Installing dependencies: mysql-community-client x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 13 M mysql-community-client-plugins x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 98 k mysql-community-common x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 618 k mysql-community-libs x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 1.4 M perl-Carp noarch 1.42-396.el8 baseos 29 k . . . . . . (36/37): mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 2.3 MB/s | 13 MB 00:05 (37/37): mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 5.0 MB/s | 53 MB 00:10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 4.4 MB/s | 79 MB 00:17 warning: /var/cache/dnf/mysql80-community-b1f1ed5ba88ce0f8/packages/mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY MySQL 8.0 Community Server 27 MB/s | 27 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <[email protected]>" Fingerprint: A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Key imported successfully Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : perl-Pod-Escapes-1:1.07-395.el8.noarch 1/37 . . . . . . perl-Term-Cap-1.17-395.el8.noarch perl-Text-ParseWords-3.30-395.el8.noarch perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap-2013.0523-395.el8.noarch perl-Time-Local-1:1.280-1.el8.noarch perl-Unicode-Normalize-1.25-396.el8.x86_64 perl-constant-1.33-396.el8.noarch perl-interpreter-4:5.26.3-419.el8.x86_64 perl-libs-4:5.26.3-419.el8.x86_64 perl-macros-4:5.26.3-419.el8.x86_64 perl-parent-1:0.237-1.el8.noarch perl-podlators-4.11-1.el8.noarch perl-threads-1:2.21-2.el8.x86_64 perl-threads-shared-1.58-2.el8.x86_64 Complete!
2. Instale MySQL 8.0 desde AppStream
MySQL ahora está disponible a través de Application Stream (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 para x86_64 – AppStream (RPM)) para RHEL 8 y CentOS 8. Por lo tanto, no necesitará agregar un repositorio oficial de MySQL para instalar el servidor MySQL en RHEL 8.
Compruebe si el repositorio de AppStream está habilitado en RHEL 8 con el siguiente comando.
subscription-manager repos --list-enabled
Salida:
+----------------------------------------------------------+
Available Repositories in /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo
+----------------------------------------------------------+
Repo ID: rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
Repo Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 for x86_64 - BaseOS (RPMs)
Repo URL: https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel8/$releasever/x86_64/baseos/os
Enabled: 1
Repo ID: rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms
Repo Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 for x86_64 - AppStream (RPMs)
Repo URL: https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel8/$releasever/x86_64/appstream/os
Enabled: 1
Use el comando dnf para instalar la última versión de MySQL.
dnf install -y @mysql
Salida:
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:25 ago on Fri 11 Oct 2019 03:35:47 PM UTC. Dependencies resolved. =================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================== Installing group/module packages: mysql-server x86_64 8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6 AppStream 25 M Installing dependencies: mariadb-connector-c-config noarch 3.0.7-1.el8 AppStream 13 k mecab x86_64 0.996-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.9 AppStream 397 k mysql x86_64 8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6 AppStream 9.2 M mysql-common x86_64 8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6 AppStream 142 k mysql-errmsg x86_64 8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6 AppStream 523 k perl-Digest noarch 1.17-395.el8 AppStream 27 k perl-Digest-MD5 x86_64 2.55-396.el8 AppStream 37 k perl-Net-SSLeay x86_64 1.85-6.el8 AppStream 358 k perl-URI noarch 1.73-3.el8 AppStream 116 k . . . . . . Enabling module streams: mysql 8.0 Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================== Install 51 Packages Total download size: 48 M Installed size: 278 M Downloading Packages: (1/51): mariadb-connector-c-config-3.0.7-1.el8.noarch.rpm 12 kB/s | 13 kB 00:01 (2/51): mysql-common-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64.rpm 1.3 MB/s | 142 kB 00:00 (3/51): mecab-0.996-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.9.x86_64.rpm 328 kB/s | 397 kB 00:01 (4/51): mysql-errmsg-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64.rpm 5.7 MB/s | 523 kB 00:00 (5/51): perl-Digest-1.17-395.el8.noarch.rpm 530 kB/s | 27 kB 00:00 (6/51): perl-Digest-MD5-2.55-396.el8.x86_64.rpm 959 kB/s | 37 kB 00:00 (7/51): mysql-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64.rpm 6.3 MB/s | 9.2 MB 00:01 . . . . . . Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : perl-Exporter-5.72-396.el8.noarch 1/51 Installing : perl-libs-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 2/51 Installing : perl-Carp-1.42-396.el8.noarch 3/51 Installing : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-3:1.49-2.el8.x86_64 4/51 Installing : perl-parent-1:0.237-1.el8.noarch 5/51 . . . . . . Installed: mysql-server-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64 perl-IO-Socket-IP-0.39-5.el8.noarch perl-IO-Socket-SSL-2.060-2.el8.noarch perl-Mozilla-CA-20160104-7.el8.noarch mariadb-connector-c-config-3.0.7-1.el8.noarch mecab-0.996-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.9.x86_64 mysql-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64 mysql-common-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64 mysql-errmsg-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64 perl-Digest-1.17-395.el8.noarch perl-Digest-MD5-2.55-396.el8.x86_64 perl-Net-SSLeay-1.85-6.el8.x86_64 perl-URI-1.73-3.el8.noarch perl-libnet-3.11-3.el8.noarch protobuf-lite-3.5.0-7.el8.x86_64 libaio-0.3.110-12.el8.x86_64 numactl-libs-2.0.12-2.el8.x86_64 perl-Carp-1.42-396.el8.noarch perl-Data-Dumper-2.167-399.el8.x86_64 perl-Encode-4:2.97-3.el8.x86_64 perl-Errno-1.28-416.el8.x86_64 perl-Exporter-5.72-396.el8.noarch perl-File-Path-2.15-2.el8.noarch perl-File-Temp-0.230.600-1.el8.noarch perl-Getopt-Long-1:2.50-4.el8.noarch perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.074-1.el8.noarch perl-IO-1.38-416.el8.x86_64 perl-MIME-Base64-3.15-396.el8.x86_64 perl-PathTools-3.74-1.el8.x86_64 perl-Pod-Escapes-1:1.07-395.el8.noarch perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.28-396.el8.noarch perl-Pod-Simple-1:3.35-395.el8.noarch perl-Pod-Usage-4:1.69-395.el8.noarch perl-Scalar-List-Utils-3:1.49-2.el8.x86_64 perl-Socket-4:2.027-2.el8.x86_64 perl-Storable-1:3.11-3.el8.x86_64 perl-Term-ANSIColor-4.06-396.el8.noarch perl-Term-Cap-1.17-395.el8.noarch perl-Text-ParseWords-3.30-395.el8.noarch perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap-2013.0523-395.el8.noarch perl-Time-Local-1:1.280-1.el8.noarch perl-Unicode-Normalize-1.25-396.el8.x86_64 perl-constant-1.33-396.el8.noarch perl-interpreter-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 perl-libs-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 perl-macros-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 perl-parent-1:0.237-1.el8.noarch perl-podlators-4.11-1.el8.noarch perl-threads-1:2.21-2.el8.x86_64 perl-threads-shared-1.58-2.el8.x86_64 policycoreutils-python-utils-2.8-16.1.el8.noarch Complete!
Administrar el servicio del servidor MySQL
Después de la instalación de MySQL, inicie el servicio del servidor MySQL usando el siguiente comando.
systemctl start mysqld
Habilite el servidor MySQL al iniciar el sistema.
systemctl enable mysqld
Verifique que el servidor MySQL se inicie con el siguiente comando.
systemctl status mysqld
Salida:
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-07-02 00:08:12 EDT; 11s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Main PID: 3794 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 38 (limit: 23664)
Memory: 442.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─3794 /usr/sbin/mysqld
Jul 02 00:08:01 rocky8.itzgeek.local systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jul 02 00:08:12 rocky8.itzgeek.local systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Servidor MySQL seguro
MySQL instalado desde la comunidad de desarrolladores de MySQL
En CentOS 8/RHEL 8, la contraseña raíz inicial de MySQL se puede encontrar en /var/log/mysqld.log. Puede usar el siguiente comando para tomar la contraseña del archivo de registro.
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep -i 'temporary password'
Salida:
2021-07-02T04:08:05.488758Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: PlrS,Tw&d9q2
Ahora, debe ejecutar mysql_secure_installation para asegurar su instalación de MySQL. Este comando se encarga de establecer la contraseña de root, eliminar usuarios anónimos, prohibir el inicio de sesión de root de forma remota, etc.
mysql_secure_installation
Salida:
Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root: << Enter the temporary password you got from the previous step The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password. New password: << Enter new root password Re-enter new password: << Re-enter new root password The 'validate_password' component is installed on the server. The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the component. Using existing password for root. Estimated strength of the password: 100 Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N << Type N and Enter as we have already set root password ... skipping. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Remove anonymous user Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Disallow root login remotely Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Remove test database - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Reload privilege tables Success. All done!
MySQL instalado desde AppStream
En CentOS 8/RHEL 8, no se establece ninguna contraseña para el usuario root de MySQL . Por lo tanto, ejecutaremos mysql_secure_installation para asegurar su instalación de MySQL configurando la contraseña de root, eliminando usuarios anónimos, no permitiendo el inicio de sesión de root de forma remota, etc.
mysql_secure_installation
Salida:
Securing the MySQL server deployment. Connecting to MySQL using a blank password. VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords and improve security. It checks the strength of password and allows the users to set only those passwords which are secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component? Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y << Type Y to use VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT to check strength of passwords There are three levels of password validation policy: LOW Length >= 8 MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 1 << Choose the Level of Strongness Please set the password for root here. New password: << Enter Root Password Re-enter new password: << Re-enter Root Password Estimated strength of the password: 100 Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to set password By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to Remove Anonymous User Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to Disallow Remote Root Login Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to Remove test database - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to Reload Privilege Success. All done!
Trabajar con el servidor MySQL
Inicie sesión en el servidor MySQL como usuario root de MySQL.
mysql -u root -p
Salida:
Enter password: << Enter MySQL Root Password Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12 Server version: 8.0.13 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
Instalar phpMyAdmin
Si es un novato en MySQL y tiene menos conocimiento de la línea de comandos de MySQL, considere instalar phpMyAdmin, una herramienta de administración basada en web de código abierto para administrar bases de datos MySQL y MariaDB.
LEER: Cómo instalar phpMyAdmin con Apache en CentOS 8 / RHEL 8
LEER: Cómo instalar phpMyAdmin con Nginx en CentOS 8 / RHEL 8
Notas para MySQL 8.0 instaladas desde el repositorio de MySQL Dev Community:
MySQL 8.0 utiliza un mecanismo caching_sha2_password para la autenticación que impide que las aplicaciones heredadas accedan a las bases de datos, incluido phpMyAdmin en este momento. En términos simples, no iniciará sesión en phpMyAdmin a menos que deshabilitemos este nuevo mecanismo de contraseña.
Puede deshabilitar globalmente el nuevo mecanismo de contraseña colocando default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password en /etc/my.cnf (los usuarios creados después de este cambio tendrán el mecanismo de autenticación mysql_native_password) o puede volver a la autenticación nativa anterior (mysql_native_password) para usuarios individuales. usuarios (Ej:root) ejecutando ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '
Conclusión
En este artículo, ha aprendido a instalar MySQL 8.0 en CentOS 8/RHEL 8. Comparta sus comentarios en la sección de comentarios.