Estas integraciones permiten que un administrador del sistema configure convenientemente el servidor de forma centralizada, en el servidor FreeIPA. Cuando se ejecuta un comando de administración en la máquina del Cliente, el cliente FreeIPA lo envía al servidor donde se ejecuta.
Contenido relacionado
- Cómo administrar usuarios y grupos en FreeIPA Server
- Cómo instalar el cliente FreeIPA en Fedora 35
- Cómo instalar y configurar FreeIPA en Rocky Linux/Centos 8
- Cómo instalar y configurar el cliente FreeIPA en Ubuntu 20.04
- Cómo configurar la replicación FreeIPA en Rocky Linux/Alma Linux/Centos 8
Requisitos
Para seguir, asegúrese de tener lo siguiente
- Un servidor basado en Rocky Linux/Centos 8 o cualquier Rhel 8
- Un servidor IPA al que se unirá el cliente
- Acceso Sudo al servidor o usuario con acceso Sudo
- Acceso a Internet desde el servidor
Tabla de contenido
- Instalación de paquetes FreeIPA
- Configuración del cliente
- Habilitar la creación de directorios de inicio en el primer inicio de sesión
- Adición de cliente de prueba
- Uso de la herramienta de administración de línea de comandos ipa de FreeIPA
- Habilitar la autenticación sin contraseña mediante clave privada
- Eliminación del cliente Rocky Linux/Alma Linux IPA
1. Instalación de paquetes FreeIPA
En el servidor Rocky Linux 8, el cliente FreeIPA está disponible como un módulo AppStream . Liste el módulo usando este comando:
$ sudo dnf module list idm
Name Stream Profiles Summary
idm DL1 [e] adtrust, client [i], common [d], dns, The Red Hat Enterprise Linux Identity Management system
server module
idm client [d] common [d] RHEL IdM long term support client module
Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled
En el resultado, puede ver que tenemos DL1 y client Corrientes. Para obtener más información sobre el flujo de cliente de FreeIPA, ejecute:
sudo dnf module info idm:DL1/client
Instale los paquetes de FreeIPA Client usando este comando.
sudo dnf module -y install idm:DL1/client
Confirme la adición del cliente usando rpm -qi comando
$ rpm -qi ipa-client
Name : ipa-client
Version : 4.9.2
Release : 4.module+el8.4.0+664+1636a961
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Fri 12 Nov 2021 08:53:52 PM EAT
Group : Unspecified
Size : 266180
License : GPLv3+
Signature : RSA/SHA256, Tue 02 Nov 2021 07:33:39 PM EAT, Key ID 15af5dac6d745a60
Source RPM : ipa-4.9.2-4.module+el8.4.0+664+1636a961.src.rpm
Build Date : Tue 02 Nov 2021 07:21:45 PM EAT
Build Host : ord1-prod-x86build001.svc.aws.rockylinux.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : [email protected]
Vendor : Rocky
URL : http://www.freeipa.org/
Summary : IPA authentication for use on clients
Description :
IPA is an integrated solution to provide centrally managed Identity (users,
hosts, services), Authentication (SSO, 2FA), and Authorization
(host access control, SELinux user roles, services). The solution provides
features for further integration with Linux based clients (SUDO, automount)
and integration with Active Directory based infrastructures (Trusts).
If your network uses IPA for authentication, this package should be
installed on every client machine.
This package provides command-line tools for IPA administrators.2. Configurando cliente
Una vez que se complete la instalación de los paquetes de FreeIPA Client. Agregue el nombre de host y la dirección IP de su servidor IPA a /etc/hosts archivo si no tiene una resolución de DNS que funcione.
echo "10.2.40.149 ipa.citizix.com" | sudo tee /etc/hosts
Configure el nombre de host de su sistema.
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname ipa-client.citizix.comLuego podemos configurar el cliente especificando el servidor FreeIPA y el nombre de dominio
sudo ipa-client-install --server=ipa.citizix.com --domain ipa.citizix.comTambién puede agregar más argumentos especificando el nombre de host, el servidor, el dominio y el reino del cliente ipa como en este ejemplo.
sudo ipa-client-install --hostname=ipa-client.citizix.com \
--mkhomedir \
--server=ipa.citizix.com \
--domain ipa.citizix.com \
--realm IPA.CITIZIX.COMEsta es mi salida. Deberías ver algo similar a esto
# ipa-client-install --server=ipa.citizix.com --domain ipa.citizix.com
This program will set up IPA client.
Version 4.9.2
Sudo version 1.8.29
Configure options: --build=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --program-prefix= --disable-dependency-tracking --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --sbindir=/usr/sbin --sysconfdir=/etc --datadir=/usr/share --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64 --libexecdir=/usr/libexec --localstatedir=/var --sharedstatedir=/var/lib --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --prefix=/usr --sbindir=/usr/sbin --libdir=/usr/lib64 --docdir=/usr/share/doc/sudo --disable-root-mailer --with-logging=syslog --with-logfac=authpriv --with-pam --with-pam-login --with-editor=/bin/vi --with-env-editor --with-ignore-dot --with-tty-tickets --with-ldap --with-ldap-conf-file=/etc/sudo-ldap.conf --with-selinux --with-passprompt=[sudo] password for %p: --with-linux-audit --with-sssd
Sudoers policy plugin version 1.8.29
Sudoers file grammar version 46
Sudoers path: /etc/sudoers
nsswitch path: /etc/nsswitch.conf
ldap.conf path: /etc/sudo-ldap.conf
ldap.secret path: /etc/ldap.secret
Authentication methods: 'pam'
Syslog facility if syslog is being used for logging: authpriv
Syslog priority to use when user authenticates successfully: notice
Syslog priority to use when user authenticates unsuccessfully: alert
Ignore '.' in $PATH
Send mail if the user is not in sudoers
Lecture user the first time they run sudo
Require users to authenticate by default
Root may run sudo
Always set $HOME to the target user's home directory
Allow some information gathering to give useful error messages
Visudo will honor the EDITOR environment variable
Set the LOGNAME and USER environment variables
Length at which to wrap log file lines (0 for no wrap): 80
Authentication timestamp timeout: 5.0 minutes
Password prompt timeout: 5.0 minutes
Number of tries to enter a password: 3
Umask to use or 0777 to use user's: 022
Path to mail program: /usr/sbin/sendmail
Flags for mail program: -t
Address to send mail to: root
Subject line for mail messages: *** SECURITY information for %h ***
Incorrect password message: Sorry, try again.
Path to lecture status dir: /var/db/sudo/lectured
Path to authentication timestamp dir: /run/sudo/ts
Default password prompt: [sudo] password for %p:
Default user to run commands as: root
Value to override user's $PATH with: /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
Path to the editor for use by visudo: /bin/vi
When to require a password for 'list' pseudocommand: any
When to require a password for 'verify' pseudocommand: all
File descriptors >= 3 will be closed before executing a command
Reset the environment to a default set of variables
Environment variables to check for sanity:
TZ
TERM
LINGUAS
LC_*
LANGUAGE
LANG
COLORTERM
Environment variables to remove:
*=()*
RUBYOPT
RUBYLIB
PYTHONUSERBASE
PYTHONINSPECT
PYTHONPATH
PYTHONHOME
TMPPREFIX
ZDOTDIR
READNULLCMD
NULLCMD
FPATH
PERL5DB
PERL5OPT
PERL5LIB
PERLLIB
PERLIO_DEBUG
JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS
SHELLOPTS
BASHOPTS
GLOBIGNORE
PS4
BASH_ENV
ENV
TERMCAP
TERMPATH
TERMINFO_DIRS
TERMINFO
_RLD*
LD_*
PATH_LOCALE
NLSPATH
HOSTALIASES
RES_OPTIONS
LOCALDOMAIN
CDPATH
IFS
Environment variables to preserve:
XAUTHORITY
_XKB_CHARSET
LINGUAS
LANGUAGE
LC_ALL
LC_TIME
LC_TELEPHONE
LC_PAPER
LC_NUMERIC
LC_NAME
LC_MONETARY
LC_MESSAGES
LC_MEASUREMENT
LC_IDENTIFICATION
LC_COLLATE
LC_CTYPE
LC_ADDRESS
LANG
USERNAME
QTDIR
PS2
PS1
MAIL
LS_COLORS
KDEDIR
HISTSIZE
HOSTNAME
DISPLAY
COLORS
Locale to use while parsing sudoers: C
Compress I/O logs using zlib
Directory in which to store input/output logs: /var/log/sudo-io
File in which to store the input/output log: %{seq}
Add an entry to the utmp/utmpx file when allocating a pty
PAM service name to use: sudo
PAM service name to use for login shells: sudo-i
Attempt to establish PAM credentials for the target user
Create a new PAM session for the command to run in
Perform PAM account validation management
Maximum I/O log sequence number: 0
Enable sudoers netgroup support
Check parent directories for writability when editing files with sudoedit
Query the group plugin for unknown system groups
Allow commands to be run even if sudo cannot write to the audit log
Allow commands to be run even if sudo cannot write to the log file
Resolve groups in sudoers and match on the group ID, not the name
Log entries larger than this value will be split into multiple syslog messages: 960
File mode to use for the I/O log files: 0600
Execute commands by file descriptor instead of by path: digest_only
Type of authentication timestamp record: tty
Ignore case when matching user names
Ignore case when matching group names
Log when a command is allowed by sudoers
Log when a command is denied by sudoers
Don't pre-resolve all group names
Local IP address and netmask pairs:
10.2.40.72/255.255.255.0
10.88.0.1/255.255.0.0
fe80::863:3cff:fec2:9a33/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
fe80::c894:28ff:fe0e:4b89/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
fe80::5857:74ff:fe85:d86d/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
fe80::9896:7dff:fef6:b3be/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
fe80::1445:1aff:fe2e:d9dd/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
Sudoers I/O plugin version 1.8.29
Autodiscovery of servers for failover cannot work with this configuration.
If you proceed with the installation, services will be configured to always access the discovered server for all operations and will not fail over to other servers in case of failure.
Proceed with fixed values and no DNS discovery? [no]: yes
Do you want to configure chrony with NTP server or pool address? [no]: no
Client hostname: ipa-replica.citizix.com
Realm: IPA.CITIZIX.COM
DNS Domain: ipa.citizix.com
IPA Server: ipa.citizix.com
BaseDN: dc=ipa,dc=citizix,dc=com
Continue to configure the system with these values? [no]: yes
Synchronizing time
No SRV records of NTP servers found and no NTP server or pool address was provided.
Using default chrony configuration.
Attempting to sync time with chronyc.
Time synchronization was successful.
User authorized to enroll computers: admin
Password for [email protected]:
Successfully retrieved CA cert
Subject: CN=Certificate Authority,O=IPA.CITIZIX.COM
Issuer: CN=Certificate Authority,O=IPA.CITIZIX.COM
Valid From: 2021-11-09 05:42:01
Valid Until: 2041-11-09 05:42:01
Enrolled in IPA realm IPA.CITIZIX.COM
Created /etc/ipa/default.conf
Configured sudoers in /etc/authselect/user-nsswitch.conf
Configured /etc/sssd/sssd.conf
Configured /etc/krb5.conf for IPA realm IPA.CITIZIX.COM
Systemwide CA database updated.
Adding SSH public key from /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
Adding SSH public key from /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
Adding SSH public key from /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
Could not update DNS SSHFP records.
SSSD enabled
Configured /etc/openldap/ldap.conf
Configured /etc/ssh/ssh_config
Configured /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Configuring ipa.citizix.com as NIS domain.
Client configuration complete.
The ipa-client-install command was successful3. Habilite la creación de directorios de inicio en el primer inicio de sesión
Si el directorio de inicio del usuario no se crea automáticamente, habilite esta función ejecutando el siguiente comando. Esto creará un directorio de inicio en el inicio de sesión inicial.
# authselect enable-feature with-mkhomedir
Make sure that SSSD service is configured and enabled. See SSSD documentation for more information.
- with-mkhomedir is selected, make sure pam_oddjob_mkhomedir module
is present and oddjobd service is enabled and active
- systemctl enable --now oddjobd.service
# systemctl enable --now oddjobd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/oddjobd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/oddjobd.service.4. Adición de cliente de prueba
Para probar que el cliente se agregó correctamente, iniciemos sesión con un usuario en freeipa. Si es la primera vez que inicia sesión, debería ver un aviso de cambio de contraseña; de lo contrario, verá esto:
$ ssh [email protected]
([email protected]) Password:
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
Last login: Fri Nov 12 21:03:32 2021 from 10.2.40.10
[[email protected] ~]$Puede administrar el servidor FreeIPA desde la máquina cliente utilizando la herramienta de línea de comandos ipa.
Primero, obtenga un ticket de Kerberos.
$ kinit admin Password for [email protected]:
Verifique la información de caducidad del boleto usando klist.
$ klist Ticket cache: KCM:1000 Default principal: [email protected] Valid starting Expires Service principal 11/12/2021 21:27:59 11/13/2021 21:27:47 krbtgt/[email protected]
Pruebe agregando una cuenta de usuario y enumerando las cuentas presentes:
$ sudo ipa user-add kip \
--first=Kipkoech \
--last=Towett \
[email protected] \
--password
Password:
Enter Password again to verify:
----------------
Added user "kip"
----------------
User login: kip
First name: Kipkoech
Last name: Towett
Full name: Kipkoech Towett
Display name: Kipkoech Towett
Initials: KT
Home directory: /home/kip
GECOS: Kipkoech Towett
Login shell: /bin/bash
Principal name: [email protected]
Principal alias: [email protected]
User password expiration: 20211112183007Z
Email address: [email protected]
UID: 1063800003
GID: 1063800003
Password: True
Member of groups: ipausers
Kerberos keys available: TrueVerificar.
$ ipa user-find kip -------------- 1 user matched -------------- User login: kip First name: Kipkoech Last name: Towett Home directory: /home/kip Login shell: /bin/bash Principal name: [email protected] Principal alias: [email protected] Email address: [email protected] UID: 1063800003 GID: 1063800003 Account disabled: False ---------------------------- Number of entries returned 1 ----------------------------
6. Habilitar la autenticación sin contraseña mediante clave privada
Si desea autenticarse en un servidor sin contraseña, copie su clave pública en el servidor FreeIPA. En el perfil de usuario, haz clic en Añadir botón debajo de "Claves públicas SSH “, pega tu clave pública en el cuadro y guarda.
7. Eliminación del cliente Rocky Linux/Alma Linux IPA
La eliminación del cliente FreeIPA en Rocky Linux/Alma Linux 8 se puede realizar ejecutando el comando:
$ sudo ipa-client-install --uninstall
Conclusión
En esta guía, logramos instalar y configurar el cliente FreeIPA en un servidor Rocky Linux/Almas Linux/Centos 8.