Mysql se instala comúnmente como parte de la popular pila LAMP o LEMP (Linux, Apache/Nginx, MySQL/MariaDB, PHP/Python/Perl). Implementa el modelo relacional y el lenguaje de consulta estructurado (SQL) para administrar y consultar datos.
En esta guía vamos a instalar mysql 8 en Centos 8. Esta guía también funciona en otros derivados de RHEL 8 como Rocky Linux 8 y Alma Linux 8
Publicaciones relacionadas:
- Cómo instalar y configurar Mysql Server 8 en Fedora 34/35
- Cómo instalar y configurar mysql 8 en Ubuntu 20.04
- Cómo ejecutar Mysql 8 con Docker y Docker-Compose
- Uso de Ansible para instalar e inicializar Mysql 8 en Centos 8
Requisitos
- Un servidor Centos 8 actualizado
- Acceso raíz al servidor o Usuario con acceso sudo
- Acceso a Internet desde el servidor
Tabla de contenido
- Asegúrese de que el servidor esté actualizado
- Instalando el servidor mysql
Sistema de actualización
Antes de continuar, asegúrese de que su sistema esté actualizado con este comando:
sudo dnf -y updateInstalando el servidor mysql
Busquemos qué paquetes proporcionan mysql-server usando este comando:
$ sudo dnf search mysql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 1:03:33 ago on Tue 17 Aug 2021 11:20:55 AM UTC.
==================================================== Name Exactly Matched: mysql-server ====================================================
mysql-server.x86_64 : The MySQL server and related filesRevisemos la información del paquete que encontramos arriba usando este comando:
$ sudo dnf info mysql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 1:04:00 ago on Tue 17 Aug 2021 11:20:55 AM UTC.
Installed Packages
Name : mysql-server
Version : 8.0.21
Release : 1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36
Architecture : x86_64
Size : 108 M
Source : mysql-8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.src.rpm
Repository : @System
From repo : appstream
Summary : The MySQL server and related files
URL : http://www.mysql.com
License : GPLv2 with exceptions and LGPLv2 and BSD
Description : MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database server. MySQL is a
: client/server implementation consisting of a server daemon (mysqld)
: and many different client programs and libraries. This package contains
: the MySQL server and some accompanying files and directories.
Ahora instalemos el mysql-server paquete:
sudo dnf install -y mysql-serverSalida:
$ sudo dnf install -y mysql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 0:44:57 ago on Tue 17 Aug 2021 11:20:55 AM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
======================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
======================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-server x86_64 8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36 appstream 22 M
Installing dependencies:
libaio x86_64 0.3.112-1.el8 baseos 33 k
mariadb-connector-c-config noarch 3.1.11-2.el8_3 appstream 15 k
mecab x86_64 0.996-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.9 appstream 393 k
mysql x86_64 8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36 appstream 12 M
mysql-common x86_64 8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36 appstream 148 k
mysql-errmsg x86_64 8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36 appstream 581 k
perl-Carp noarch 1.42-396.el8 baseos 30 k
perl-Data-Dumper x86_64 2.167-399.el8 baseos 58 k
perl-Digest noarch 1.17-395.el8 appstream 27 k
perl-Digest-MD5 x86_64 2.55-396.el8 appstream 37 k
perl-Encode x86_64 4:2.97-3.el8 baseos 1.5 M
perl-Errno x86_64 1.28-419.el8_4.1 baseos 76 k
perl-Exporter noarch 5.72-396.el8 baseos 34 k
perl-File-Path noarch 2.15-2.el8 baseos 38 k
perl-File-Temp noarch 0.230.600-1.el8 baseos 63 k
perl-Getopt-Long noarch 1:2.50-4.el8 baseos 63 k
perl-HTTP-Tiny noarch 0.074-1.el8 baseos 58 k
perl-IO x86_64 1.38-419.el8_4.1 baseos 142 k
perl-MIME-Base64 x86_64 3.15-396.el8 baseos 31 k
perl-Net-SSLeay x86_64 1.88-1.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3 appstream 379 k
perl-PathTools x86_64 3.74-1.el8 baseos 90 k
perl-Pod-Escapes noarch 1:1.07-395.el8 baseos 20 k
perl-Pod-Perldoc noarch 3.28-396.el8 baseos 86 k
perl-Pod-Simple noarch 1:3.35-395.el8 baseos 213 k
perl-Pod-Usage noarch 4:1.69-395.el8 baseos 34 k
perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 3:1.49-2.el8 baseos 68 k
perl-Socket x86_64 4:2.027-3.el8 baseos 59 k
perl-Storable x86_64 1:3.11-3.el8 baseos 98 k
perl-Term-ANSIColor noarch 4.06-396.el8 baseos 46 k
perl-Term-Cap noarch 1.17-395.el8 baseos 23 k
perl-Text-ParseWords noarch 3.30-395.el8 baseos 18 k
perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap noarch 2013.0523-395.el8 baseos 24 k
perl-Time-Local noarch 1:1.280-1.el8 baseos 34 k
perl-URI noarch 1.73-3.el8 appstream 116 k
perl-Unicode-Normalize x86_64 1.25-396.el8 baseos 82 k
perl-constant noarch 1.33-396.el8 baseos 25 k
perl-interpreter x86_64 4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1 baseos 6.3 M
perl-libnet noarch 3.11-3.el8 appstream 121 k
perl-libs x86_64 4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1 baseos 1.6 M
perl-macros x86_64 4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1 baseos 72 k
perl-parent noarch 1:0.237-1.el8 baseos 20 k
perl-podlators noarch 4.11-1.el8 baseos 118 k
perl-threads x86_64 1:2.21-2.el8 baseos 61 k
perl-threads-shared x86_64 1.58-2.el8 baseos 48 k
protobuf-lite x86_64 3.5.0-13.el8 appstream 149 k
Installing weak dependencies:
perl-IO-Socket-IP noarch 0.39-5.el8 appstream 47 k
perl-IO-Socket-SSL noarch 2.066-4.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3 appstream 298 k
perl-Mozilla-CA noarch 20160104-7.module_el8.3.0+416+dee7bcef appstream 15 k
Enabling module streams:
mysql 8.0
perl 5.26
perl-IO-Socket-SSL 2.066
perl-libwww-perl 6.34
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================
Install 49 Packages
Total download size: 48 M
Installed size: 218 M
Downloading Packages:
...
Complete!El comando anterior y la salida instalarán mysql-server en nuestra instancia Centos 8.
Iniciando y habilitando el servicio mysql
Una vez instalada. el servicio no estará habilitado ni iniciado por defecto.
Podemos comprobar el estado con este comando:
sudo systemctl status mysqldComencemos el servicio:
sudo systemctl start mysqldSalida:
$ sudo systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL 8.0 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-08-17 12:11:09 UTC; 35s ago
Process: 70489 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-upgrade (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 70363 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mysqld.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 70338 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 70445 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 39 (limit: 23800)
Memory: 427.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─70445 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr
Aug 17 12:10:58 db-server.citizix.com systemd[1]: Starting MySQL 8.0 database server...
Aug 17 12:10:58 db-server.citizix.com mysql-prepare-db-dir[70363]: Initializing MySQL database
Aug 17 12:11:09 db-server.citizix.com systemd[1]: Started MySQL 8.0 database server.Habilite el servicio para que siempre se inicie cuando se reinicie el servidor con este comando:
sudo systemctl enable mysqldPara ver el registro de servicio de MySQL 8 de la siguiente manera usando el comando journalctl:
$ sudo journalctl -u mysqld -xe
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/mysql/mysqld.logProteger MySQL
MySQL incluye un script de seguridad que le permite cambiar algunas opciones de configuración predeterminadas para mejorar la seguridad de MySQL.
Para usar el script de seguridad, ejecute el siguiente comando:
sudo mysql_secure_installationEsto lo llevará a través de una serie de indicaciones que le preguntarán si desea realizar ciertos cambios en las opciones de seguridad de su instalación de MySQL. Estas opciones incluyen:
- configuración de la contraseña de usuario raíz
- habilitar el COMPONENTE DE VALIDAR CONTRASEÑA que garantiza el uso de contraseñas seguras
- Eliminar usuarios anónimos
- Deshabilitar root para iniciar sesión de forma remota
- Eliminar bases de datos de prueba
Aquí hay una salida de muestra de mi servidor:
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.
VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y
There are three levels of password validation policy:
LOW Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file
Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2
Please set the password for root here.
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
All done!Probar la instalación de MySQL
Verifiquemos la versión de mysql con este comando:
mysql -V
Ahora puede iniciar sesión como root usuario y la contraseña especificada anteriormente.
$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.21 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.21 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>Conclusión
Hemos logrado instalar mysql en esta guía.