Docker es una virtualización a nivel de sistema operativo de código abierto y popular (comúnmente conocida como "containerización ”) tecnología que se ejecuta principalmente en Linux y Windows. Docker facilita la creación, implementación y ejecución de aplicaciones mediante el uso de contenedores .
Con contenedores , los desarrolladores (y administradores de sistemas) pueden empaquetar una aplicación con todo lo necesario para ejecutarla:el código, un tiempo de ejecución, bibliotecas, variables de entorno y archivos de configuración, y enviarlo todo como un solo paquete. ¡Sí, es genial!
En este artículo, le mostraremos cómo instalar Docker CE (Community Edition) , cree y ejecute contenedores Docker en Ubuntu distribución.
Instalación de Docker CE (edición comunitaria) en Ubuntu
docker
, docker.io
o docker-engine
del sistema usando el siguiente comando.
$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
$ sudo apt-get update $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - $ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.ioInstalando Docker CE en Ubuntu
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount pigz The following NEW packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli pigz 0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded. Need to get 50.7 MB of archives. After this operation, 243 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB] Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.4-1 [19.9 MB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B] Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [13.1 MB] Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [17.4 MB] Fetched 50.7 MB in 7s (7,779 kB/s) ...
$ sudo systemctl status dockerComprobación del estado CE de Docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-03-06 08:06:42 UTC; 2min 18s ago Docs: https://docs.docker.com Main PID: 5274 (dockerd) Tasks: 8 CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service └─5274 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562587408Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime" Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562767803Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight" Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562966844Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device" Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.565298457Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start." Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.950942467Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a prefer Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.036964493Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done." Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.156279378Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=774a1f4 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=18.09.3 Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.157145045Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization" Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine. Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.224229999Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
hello-world
imagen.
$ sudo docker run hello-worldVerifique la instalación de Docker CE
Hello from Docker! This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly. To generate this message, Docker took the following steps: 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon. 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. (amd64) 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading. 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal. To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with: $ docker run -it ubuntu bash Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID: https://hub.docker.com/ For more examples and ideas, visit: https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Aprenda los comandos básicos de Docker en Ubuntu
$ sudo docker info Kernel Version: 5.0.0-050000-generic Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 1 Total Memory: 1.452GiB Name: tecmint ID: FWSB:IRIF:DYL7:PRB5:Y66E:37MY:ISPO:HZVY:6YJO:2IYL:TO6Y:GNB7 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode (client): false Debug Mode (server): false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false Product License: Community Engine
$ sudo docker version Client: Version: 18.09.3 API version: 1.39 Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 774a1f4 Built: Thu Feb 28 06:53:11 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 18.09.3 API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 774a1f4 Built: Thu Feb 28 05:59:55 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false
docker
en su terminal.
$ docker Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND A self-sufficient runtime for containers Options: --config string Location of client config files (default "/home/tecmint/.docker") -D, --debug Enable debug mode -H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to -l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info") --tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify --tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/ca.pem") --tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/cert.pem") --tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/key.pem") --tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote -v, --version Print version information and quit Management Commands: builder Manage builds config Manage Docker configs container Manage containers engine Manage the docker engine image Manage images network Manage networks node Manage Swarm nodes plugin Manage plugins secret Manage Docker secrets service Manage services stack Manage Docker stacks swarm Manage Swarm system Manage Docker trust Manage trust on Docker images volume Manage volumes ....
Descargar una imagen de Docker en Ubuntu
Por ejemplo, para descargar una imagen de Docker llamada CentOS 7
, emita el siguiente comando.
$ sudo docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 5227 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 120 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 107 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 81 [OK] imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 50 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 47 tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 43 gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 40 [OK] openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 39 centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 37 centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 33 kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 26 [OK] openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 20 centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap… 19 pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 10 openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 6 openshift/jenkins-1-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima… 4 darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK] pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 2 pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 2 pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 1 openshift/wildfly-81-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v8.1 image for use w… 1 blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK] smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK] jameseckersall/sonarr-centos Sonarr on CentOS 7 0 [OK]
$ docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 2 months ago 1.84kB centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202MB
$ sudo docker rmi centos Untagged: centos:latest Untagged: [email protected]:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426 Deleted: sha256:1e1148e4cc2c148c6890a18e3b2d2dde41a6745ceb4e5fe94a923d811bf82ddb Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956
Ejecutar un contenedor Docker en Ubuntu
CentOS
descargado imagen, por lo que un comando básico sería verificar el archivo de la versión de distribución dentro del contenedor usando el comando cat, como se muestra.
$ docker run centos cat /etc/issue
$ sudo docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0ddfa81c5779 centos "cat /etc/issue" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago elastic_shirley
$ sudo docker start 0ddfa81c5779 OR $ sudo docker start elastic_shirley
Aquí, la cadena 0ddfa81c5779
representa el ID del contenedor y elastic_shirley
representa el nombre del contenedor.
docker stop
comando especificando el ID o nombre del contenedor .
$ sudo docker stop 0ddfa81c5779 OR $ sudo docker stop elastic_shirley
--name
opción como se muestra.
$ docker run --name myname centos cat /etc/issue
$ docker run -it centos bash [[email protected] /]# uname -a Linux 6213ec547863 5.0.0-050000-generic #201903032031 SMP Mon Mar 4 01:33:18 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [[email protected] /]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
exit
comando como se muestra.
$ exit
Eso es todo para la manipulación básica de contenedores. Si tiene alguna pregunta o comentario sobre este artículo, utilice el formulario de comentarios a continuación para comunicarse con nosotros.