La configuración perfecta - Debian Woody (3.0)

Configurar direcciones IP adicionales

Si tiene más de una dirección IP, puede agregar sus direcciones IP adicionales editando /etc/red/interfaces .Se verá similar a esto:

Si desea agregar la dirección IP 192.168.0.101 a la interfaz eth0 debe cambiar el archivo para que se vea así:

# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)

# The loopback interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The first network card - this entry was created during the Debian installation
# (network, broadcast and gateway are optional)
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.0.100
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        network 192.168.0.0
        broadcast 192.168.0.255
        gateway 192.168.0.1

Luego reinicie su red:

/etc/init.d/networkingrestart

Configuración del nombre de host

echo server1.example.com> /etc/hostname
/bin/nombre de host -F /etc/nombre de host

Instalar/eliminar algún software

Añadir

deb http://backports.debian.skynet.be woody cyrus-sasl2

a /etc/apt/sources.list y corre

apt-getupdate
apt-get install wgetbzip2 rdate fetchmail libdb3++-dev descomprimir zip ncftp xlispstat libarchive-zip-perlzlib1g-dev libpopt -dev nmap abre SSL (¡1 línea!)
apt-get remove lpr nfs-commonportmap pidentd pcmcia-cs pppoe pppoeconf ppp pppconfig

update-rc.d -f exim remove
update-inetd --removedaytime
update-inetd --remove telnet
update-inetd - -remove time
update-inetd --remove finger
update-inetd --remove talk
update-inetd --remove ntalk
update-inetd --remove ftp
actualizar-inetd --eliminar descartar
<- Sí [y]

/etc/init.d/inetd reload

Cuota

apt-get install quota quotatool

Editar /etc/fstab para verse así (agregué ,usrquota,grpquota para particionar /dev/hda6 ):

# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)

# The loopback interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The first network card - this entry was created during the Debian installation
# (network, broadcast and gateway are optional)
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.0.100
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        network 192.168.0.0
        broadcast 192.168.0.255
        gateway 192.168.0.1

auto eth0:0
iface eth0:0 inet static
        address 192.168.0.101
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        network 192.168.0.0
        broadcast 192.168.0.255
        gateway 192.168.0.1

Luego ejecuta:

touch /quota.user /quota.group
chmod 600 /cuota.*
mount -o remount /
quotacheck -avugm
quotaon -avug

Servidor DNS

apt-getinstall bind9

Por razones de seguridad, queremos ejecutar BIND en chroot, por lo que debemos realizar los siguientes pasos:

/etc/init.d/bind9 parada

Edite el script de inicio /etc/init.d/bind9 para que el demonio se ejecute como el usuario sin privilegios 'nadie ', enrutado a /var/lib/named .Modifique la línea:OPTS="" para que se lea OPTS="-ubody-t /var/lib/named" :

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>               <dump>  <pass>
/dev/hda1       /boot           ext3    errors=remount-ro       0       1
/dev/hda5       none            swap    sw                      0       0
proc            /proc           proc    defaults                0       0
/dev/fd0        /floppy         auto    user,noauto             0       0
/dev/cdrom      /cdrom          iso9660 ro,user,noauto          0       0
/dev/hda6       /               ext3    defaults,usrquota,grpquota                      0       2

Create the necessarydirectories under /var/lib :

mkdir -p /var/lib/named/etc
mkdir /var/lib/named/dev
mkdir -p /var/lib/named/var/cache/bind
mkdir /var/lib/named/var/run

Then move the configdirectory from /etc to /var/lib/named/etc :

mv /etc/bind /var/lib/named/etc

Create a symlinkto the new config directory from the old location (to avoid problems when bindis upgraded in the future):

ln -s /var/lib/named/etc/bind/etc/bind

Make null and randomdevices, and fix permissions of the directories:

mknod /var/lib/named/dev/nullc 1 3
mknod /var/lib/named/dev/random c 1 8
chmod 666 /var/lib/named/dev/null /var/lib/named/dev/random
chown -R nobody:nogroup /var/lib/named/var/*
chown -R nobody:nogroup /var/lib/named/etc/bind

We need to modifythe startup script /etc/init.d/sysklogd of sysklogd so that wecan still get important messages logged to the system logs. Modify the line: SYSLOGD="" so that it reads:SYSLOGD="-a/var/lib/named/dev/log" :

#!/bin/sh

PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# for a chrooted server: "-u nobody -t /var/lib/named"
OPTS="-u nobody -t /var/lib/named"

test -x /usr/sbin/named || exit 0

case "$1" in
    start)
        echo -n "Starting domain name service: named"
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet \
            --pidfile /var/run/named.pid --exec /usr/sbin/named -- $OPTS
        echo "."
    ;;

    stop)
        echo -n "Stopping domain name service: named"
        /usr/sbin/rndc stop
        echo "."
    ;;

    reload)
        /usr/sbin/rndc reload
    ;;

    restart|force-reload)
        $0 stop
        sleep 2
        $0 start
    ;;

    *)
        echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/bind {start|stop|reload|restart|force-reload}" >&2
        exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

Restart the loggingdaemon:

/etc/init.d/sysklogd restart

Start up BIND,and check /var/log/syslog for any errors:

/etc/init.d/bind9 start

MySQL

apt-getinstall mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient10-dev
<- No
<- Yes

mysqladmin -u root passwordyourrootsqlpassword
mysqladmin -h server1.example.com -u root password yourrootsqlpassword

In /etc/mysql/my.cnf comment out the following line:

skip-networking

It should now looksimilar to this:

#! /bin/sh
# /etc/init.d/sysklogd: start the system log daemon.

PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin

pidfile=/var/run/syslogd.pid
binpath=/sbin/syslogd

test -x $binpath || exit 0

# Options for start/restart the daemons
#   For remote UDP logging use SYSLOGD="-r"
#
SYSLOGD="-a /var/lib/named/dev/log"

create_xconsole()
{
    if [ ! -e /dev/xconsole ]; then
        mknod -m 640 /dev/xconsole p
    else
        chmod 0640 /dev/xconsole
    fi
    chown root.adm /dev/xconsole
}

running()
{
    # No pidfile, probably no daemon present
    #
    if [ ! -f $pidfile ]
    then
        return 1
    fi

    pid=`cat $pidfile`

    # No pid, probably no daemon present
    #
    if [ -z "$pid" ]
    then
        return 1
    fi

    cmd=`cat /proc/$pid/cmdline | tr "\000" "\n"|head -1`

    # No syslogd?
    #
    if [ "$cmd" != "$binpath" ]
    then
        return 1
    fi

    return 0
}

case "$1" in
  start)
    echo -n "Starting system log daemon: syslogd"
    create_xconsole
    start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --exec $binpath -- $SYSLOGD
    echo "."
    ;;
  stop)
    echo -n "Stopping system log daemon: syslogd"
    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
    echo "."
    ;;
  reload|force-reload)
    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --signal 1 --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
    ;;
  restart)
    echo -n "Stopping system log daemon: syslogd"
    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
    echo "."
    sleep 1
    echo -n "Starting system log daemon: syslogd"
    start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --exec $binpath -- $SYSLOGD
    echo "."
    ;;
  reload-or-restart)
    if running
    then
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --signal 1 --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
    else
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --exec $binpath -- $SYSLOGD
    fi
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/sysklogd {start|stop|reload|restart|force-reload|reload-or-restart}"
    exit 1
esac

exit 0

Restart MySQL:

/etc/init.d/mysqlrestart

so that MySQL isaccessible on port 3306 (you can check that with netstat-tap ).

Postfix/Qpopper

addgroup sasl
apt-get install postfix-tlsqpopper sasl-bin libsasl-modules-plain libsasl2 libsasl-gssapi-mit libsasl-digestmd5-dessasl2-bin libsasl2-modules (1line!)

<- Kerberos:acceptdefault value (I don't want to use Kerberos so I don't really care about it)
<- Internetsite
<- Domainname
<- No
<- accept default values
<- Kerberos:accept default value
<- NONE

cd /etc/init.d/
wget http://hanselan.de/postfix/pwcheck

In case you cannotaccess http://hanselan.de/postfix/pwcheck here's the pwcheck script:

# You can copy this to one of:
# /etc/mysql/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options (in this
# installation this directory is /var/lib/mysql) or
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run the program with --help to get a list of available options

# This will be passed to all mysql clients
[client]
#password       = my_password
port            = 3306
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

[safe_mysqld]
err-log         = /var/log/mysql/mysql.err

[mysqld]
user            = mysql
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port            = 3306
#
# You can also put it into /var/log/mysql/mysql.log but I leave it in /var/log
# for backward compatibility. Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
#log            = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
log             = /var/log/mysql.log
basedir         = /usr
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir          = /tmp
language        = /usr/share/mysql/english
skip-locking
#
# The skip-networkin option will no longer be set via debconf menu.
# You have to manually change it if you want networking i.e. the server
# listening on port 3306. The default is "disable" - for security reasons.
#skip-networking
set-variable    = key_buffer=16M
set-variable    = max_allowed_packet=1M
set-variable    = thread_stack=128K
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log-slow-queries       = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication
#server-id              = 1
#log-bin                = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
#binlog-do-db           = include_database_name
#binlog-ignore-db       = include_database_name
#
# Read the manual if you want to enable InnoDB!
skip-innodb

[mysqldump]
quick
set-variable    = max_allowed_packet=1M

[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition

[isamchk]
set-variable    = key_buffer=16M

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/pwcheck
update-rc.d pwcheck defaults
mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/pwcheck
chown postfix.root /var/spool/postfix/var/run/pwcheck/
chmod 700 /var/spool/postfix/var/run/pwcheck/
ln -s /var/spool/postfix/var/run/pwcheck /var/run/pwcheck

postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_local_domain=$myhostname'
postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_auth_enable =yes'
postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_security_options =noanonymous'
postconf -e 'broken_sasl_auth_clients =yes'
postconf -e 'smtpd_recipient_restrictions =permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,check_relay_domains'
postconf -e 'inet_interfaces =all'
echo 'pwcheck_method:pwcheck'>> /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf

mkdir /etc/postfix/ssl
cd /etc/postfix/ssl/
openssl genrsa -des3 -rand /etc/hosts -out smtpd.key 1024
chmod 600 smtpd.key
openssl req -new -key smtpd.key -out smtpd.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in smtpd.csr -signkey smtpd.key -out smtpd.crt
openssl rsa -in smtpd.key -out smtpd.key.unencrypted
mv -f smtpd.key.unencrypted smtpd.key
openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days3650

postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_auth_only=no'
postconf -e 'smtp_use_tls =yes'
postconf -e 'smtpd_use_tls =yes'
postconf -e 'smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer =yes'
postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_key_file =/etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key'
postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_cert_file =/etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt'
postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_CAfile =/etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem'
postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_loglevel =1'
postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_received_header =yes'
postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout =3600s'
postconf -e 'tls_random_source =dev:/dev/urandom'

The file /etc/postfix/main.cf should now look like this:

#! /bin/sh
#
# pwcheck       Startet pwcheck für SMTP-Auth mit Postfix
#

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/pwcheck
NAME=pwcheck
DESC="pwcheck daemon"

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

set -e

case "$1" in
  start)
        echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
        ln -s /var/spool/postfix/var/run/pwcheck /var/run/pwcheck
        $DAEMON
        echo "."
        ;;
  stop)
        echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME "
        rm /var/run/pwcheck
        /usr/bin/killall -KILL $NAME
        echo "."
        ;;
  *)
        N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
        echo "Usage: $N {start|stop}" >&2
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

exit 0

/etc/init.d/pwcheckstart
/etc/init.d/postfix restart

To see if SMTP-AUTHand TLS work properly now run the following command:

telnetlocalhost 25

After you haveestablished the connection to your postfix mail server type

ehlolocalhost

If you see thelines

250-STARTTLS

and

250-AUTH

everything is fine.

Type

quit

to return to thesystem's shell.

Courier-IMAP/Courier-POP3

If you want touse a POP3/IMAP daemon that has Maildir support (if you do not want to use thetraditional Unix mailbox format) you can install Courier-IMAP and Courier-POP3.Otherwise you can proceed with the Apache configuration.

apt-get install courier-imapcourier-pop

qpopper and UW-IMAPwill then be replaced.

Then configurePostfix to deliver emails to a user's Maildir*:

postconf -e 'home_mailbox=Maildir/'
postconf -e 'mailbox_command ='
/etc/init.d/postfix restart

*Please note:Youdo not have to do this if you intend to use ISPConfigon your system as ISPConfig does the necessary configuration using procmailrecipes. But please go sure to enable Maildir under Management -> Settings ->EMail in the ISPConfig web interface.

Apache

Add

deb http://packages.dotdeb.org ./

to /etc/apt/sources.list and run

apt-getupdate

apt-getinstall apache apache-doc libapache-mod-ssl libapache-mod-ssl-doc
apt-get install libapache-mod-php4php4 php4-cli php4-common php4-curl php4-dev php4-domxml php4-gd php4-gmp php4-imapphp4-ldap php4-mcal php4-mcrypt php4-mhash php4-ming php4-mysql php4-odbc php4-pearphp4-xslt curl libwww-perl imagemagick (1 line!)

Edit /etc/apache/httpd.conf .Under LoadModules add:

LoadModulephp4_module /usr/lib/apache/1.3/libphp4.so
LoadModule ssl_module /usr/lib/apache/1.3/mod_ssl.so

Under Listen add:

Listen80
Listen 443

Under "Addtypeapplication" insert:

AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl

Before "Section3 :Virtual Hosts" add:

SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt
SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin
SSLSessionCache dbm:/var/run/ssl_scache
SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300
SSLMutex file:/var/run/ssl_mutex
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin

Change

DirectoryIndexindex.html index.htm index.shtml index.cgi

to

DirectoryIndexindex.html index.htm index.shtml index.cgi index.php index.php3 index.pl

Save /etc/apache/httpd.conf and run

/etc/init.d/apacherestart

Proftpd

apt-getinstall proftpd

<- No

For security reasonsyou can add the following lines to /etc/proftpd.conf (thanks to Reinaldo Carvalho; more information can be found here:http://proftpd.linux.co.uk/localsite/Userguide/linked/userguide.html):

DefaultRoot ~
IdentLookups off
ServerIdent on "FTP Server ready."

and restart Proftpd:

/etc/init.d/proftpd restart

Webalizer

apt-getinstall webalizer

<- accept default values

Synchronizethe System Clock

If you want tohave the system clock synchronized with an NTP server you can add the followinglines to /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root (if the file does not exist, create it by running

touch/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root ):

#update time with ntp server
0 3,9,15,21 * * * /usr/sbin/rdate time.nist.gov | logger -t NTP

Then run

chmod600 /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
/etc/init.d/cronrestart

Install somePerl Modules needed by SpamAssassin (comes with ISPConfig)

Installationusing the Perl Shell

Login to your commandline as root and run the following command to start the Perl shell:

perl -MCPAN -e shell

If you run thePerl shell for the first time you will be asked some questions. In most casesthe default answers are ok.

Please note:Ifyou run a firewall on your system you might have to turn it off while workingon the Perl shell in order for the Perl shell to be able to fetch the neededmodules without a big delay. You can switch it on afterwards.

The big advantageof the Perl shell compared to the two other methods described here is that itcares about dependencies when installing new modules. I.e., if it turns outthat a prerequisite Perl module is missing when you install another module thePerl shell asks you if it should install the prerequisite module for you. Youshould answer that question with "Yes".

Run the followingcommands to install the modules needed by SpamAssassin:

install HTML::Parser
install DB_File
install Net::DNS (when prompted to enable tests, choose no)
install Digest::SHA1
q (to leave the Perl shell)

If a module isalready installed on your system you will get a message similar to this one:

HTML::Parseris up to date.

Successful installationof a module looks like this:

/usr/bin/makeinstall -- OK

Compile a CustomKernel

If you need tocompile a new kernel for some reason (e.g. because you want to use the latestbleeding-edge kernel or need a feature that the standard Debian kernel doesnot offer), you can find more information here:Debian-Kernel-Compile-Howto.

The End

The configurationof the server is now finished, and if you wish you can now install ISPConfigon it.

A Note On SuExec

If you want torun CGI scripts under suExec, you should specify /var/www as the home directory for websites created by ISPConfig as Debian's suExec iscompiled with /var/www as Doc_Root .Run /usr/lib/apache/suexec -V ,and the output should look like this:

To select /var/www as the home directory for websites during the installation of ISPConfig do thefollowing:When you are asked for the installation mode, select the expertmode .

Later during theinstallation you are asked if the default directory /home/www should be the directory where ISPConfig will create websites in. Answer n and enter /var/www asthe home directory for websites.

Links

• http://www.debian.org
• http://www.debianplanet.org
• http://www.debianforum.de(German)
• http://www.debianhowto.de(German/English)
• http://www.ispconfig.org

# see /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, fuller
# version of this file.

# Do not change these directory settings - they are critical to Postfix
# operation.
command_directory = /usr/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/lib/postfix
program_directory = /usr/lib/postfix

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
setgid_group = postdrop
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
myhostname = server1.example.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = server1.example.com, localhost.example.com, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,check_relay_domains
inet_interfaces = all
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom