MariaDB es uno de los populares sistemas de administración de bases de datos de código abierto que utilizan las pequeñas y grandes empresas. Es una bifurcación de MySQL, desarrollada por MariaDB Corporation Ab, dirigida por los desarrolladores originales de MySQL.
MariaDB es totalmente compatible con la base de datos MySQL para garantizar una capacidad de sustitución inmediata y se utiliza como servidor de base de datos en la pila LAMP y LEMP.
En esta publicación, veremos cómo instalar MariaDB en CentOS 7 / RHEL 7.
Instalar MariaDB en CentOS 7/RHEL 7
Puede instalar el paquete MariaDB en CentOS 7/RHEL 7 usando dos fuentes.
- Espejo oficial de MariaDB (v10.6)
- Repositorio base del sistema operativo (v5.5)
Instalar MariaDB desde el espejo oficial de MariaDB
La fundación MariaDB ofrece paquetes MariaDB para CentOS 7/RHEL 7. Los paquetes proporcionados por la comunidad MariaDB siempre están actualizados y son compatibles con ellos.
Agregue el repositorio de MariaDB al sistema que ofrece MariaDB para CentOS 7 / RHEL 7.
### CentOS 7 ### cat <<EOF >> /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.6/centos7-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 EOF ### RHEL 7 ### cat <<EOF >> /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.6/rhel7-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 EOF
Instale el servidor MariaDB usando el siguiente comando.
yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client
Instalar MariaDB desde el repositorio base
La instalación de MariaDB desde el repositorio del sistema operativo base es una forma sencilla. Pero, el repositorio puede tener una versión un poco antigua del paquete MariaDB.
yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb
Administrar el servicio MariaDB
Inicie el servicio MariaDB con el siguiente comando.
systemctl start mariadb
Verifique si MariaDB se está ejecutando o no.
systemctl status mariadb
Habilite el servicio MariaDB para que se inicie automáticamente al iniciar el sistema.
systemctl enable mariadb
Instalación segura de MariaDB
Utilice el comando mysql_secure_installation para realizar la configuración inicial del servidor MariaDB.
Por lo general, se recomienda ejecutar este comando en servidores Linux de producción para eliminar usuarios anónimos, probar bases de datos y no permitir el inicio de sesión raíz remoto.
mysql_secure_installation
Espejo oficial de MariaDB
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): << Just press enter
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] N << Disable Unix Socket Authentication
... skipping.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] Y << Change Root Password
New password: << Enter Password
Re-enter new password: << Re-Enter Password
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y << Remove Anonymous Users
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y << Disallow root login remotely
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y << Remove test database
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y << Reload Tables
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
Repositorio del sistema operativo base
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): << Just Press Enter
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] Y << Set MariaDB root password
New password: << Enter password
Re-enter new password: << Re-Enter password
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y << Remove Anonymous user
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y << Disasslow root login remotely
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y << Remove test database
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y << Reload Tables
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB! Acceder a MariaDB
Inicie sesión en el servidor MariaDB.
mysql -u root -pSi instaló MariaDB desde el repositorio oficial, no necesita ingresar la contraseña para iniciar sesión en el shell de MariaDB cuando es un usuario raíz de Unix.
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 22 Server version: 10.4.7-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
Instalar phpMyAdmin
Si es nuevo en MariaDB, considere instalar phpMyAdmin para administrar la base de datos a través de un navegador web.
LEER: Cómo instalar phpMyAdmin con Apache en CentOS 7/RHEL 7
LEER: Cómo instalar phpMyAdmin con Nginx en CentOS 7 / RHEL 7
Conclusión
Eso es todo. Espero que haya aprendido a instalar MariaDB en CentOS 7/RHEL 7 y haya realizado la configuración inicial. Lea los artículos para principiantes de MariaDB para obtener más información sobre cómo trabajar con MariaDB.